Class EulerFieldIntegrator<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>

  • Type Parameters:
    T - the type of the field elements
    All Implemented Interfaces:
    FieldODEIntegrator<T>, FieldButcherArrayProvider<T>

    public class EulerFieldIntegrator<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
    extends RungeKuttaFieldIntegrator<T>
    This class implements a simple Euler integrator for Ordinary Differential Equations.

    The Euler algorithm is the simplest one that can be used to integrate ordinary differential equations. It is a simple inversion of the forward difference expression : f'=(f(t+h)-f(t))/h which leads to f(t+h)=f(t)+hf'. The interpolation scheme used for dense output is the linear scheme already used for integration.

    This algorithm looks cheap because it needs only one function evaluation per step. However, as it uses linear estimates, it needs very small steps to achieve high accuracy, and small steps lead to numerical errors and instabilities.

    This algorithm is almost never used and has been included in this package only as a comparison reference for more useful integrators.

    See Also:
    MidpointFieldIntegrator, ClassicalRungeKuttaFieldIntegrator, GillFieldIntegrator, ThreeEighthesFieldIntegrator, LutherFieldIntegrator
    • Constructor Detail

      • EulerFieldIntegrator

        public EulerFieldIntegrator​(Field<T> field,
                                    T step)
        Simple constructor. Build an Euler integrator with the given step.
        Parameters:
        field - field to which the time and state vector elements belong
        step - integration step
    • Method Detail

      • getC

        public T[] getC()
        Get the time steps from Butcher array (without the first zero).
        Returns:
        time steps from Butcher array (without the first zero
      • getA

        public T[][] getA()
        Get the internal weights from Butcher array (without the first empty row).
        Returns:
        internal weights from Butcher array (without the first empty row)
      • getB

        public T[] getB()
        Get the external weights for the high order method from Butcher array.
        Returns:
        external weights for the high order method from Butcher array
      • createInterpolator

        protected org.hipparchus.ode.nonstiff.EulerFieldStateInterpolator<T> createInterpolator​(boolean forward,
                                                                                                T[][] yDotK,
                                                                                                FieldODEStateAndDerivative<T> globalPreviousState,
                                                                                                FieldODEStateAndDerivative<T> globalCurrentState,
                                                                                                FieldEquationsMapper<T> mapper)
        Create an interpolator.
        Specified by:
        createInterpolator in class RungeKuttaFieldIntegrator<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
        Parameters:
        forward - integration direction indicator
        yDotK - slopes at the intermediate points
        globalPreviousState - start of the global step
        globalCurrentState - end of the global step
        mapper - equations mapper for the all equations
        Returns:
        external weights for the high order method from Butcher array